%0 Journal Article
%@ 2302-2914
%A Suryani Hutomo
%A Denise Utami Putri
%D 2023
%F katalog:9272
%I RSUD Sanglah, Denpasar Bali
%J Bali Medical Journal
%K Periodontitis, pneumonia, systemic disease, inflammation, immune response, oral health
%N 3
%P 2527-2531
%T THE ROLE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMONIA ARISING FROM ORAL PERIODONTITIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
%U https://katalog.ukdw.ac.id/9272/
%V 12
%X A  growing  evidence  links  periodontitis,  a  chronic  inflammatory  disease  of  the  oral  cavity,  to  the  development  of  systemic  inflammation. One of the most commonly reported is pneumonia, arising from aspiration of the periodontal pathogens into the lung tissue. In high-risk individuals, the morbidity and mortality rate is high, raising the concern for prevention measures. Secondary  systemic  effects  are  proposed  to  arise  from  both  direct  periodontal  pathogens  spread  and  through  leakage  of  bacterial  byproducts  and  local  inflammatory  cytokines  to  the  bloodstream.  The  association  of  periodontitis  and  systemic  diseases is bi-directional, as systemic diseases may, in turn, increase the incidence and severity of periodontal diseases. Here, the  conflicting  roles  of  the  immune  system  in  both  limiting  pathogen  growth  and  its  potential  catastrophic  inflammatory  activation is further discussed. In addition, possible approaches to prevent periodontitis from spreading into the respiratory organs are also proposed. Given the large number of the population affected by periodontitis, a comprehensive understanding of the pathomechanisms of the development of systemic diseases, notably pneumonia, as well as the discovery of prevention and therapeutic approaches, is urgently needed.